Sample Collection and Reception
Most lab errors happen before the sample reaches an analyzer, so plan collection and labelling first.
Haematology
Haematology equipment is chosen by daily CBC volume and whether you need a 5-part differential.
Clinical Biochemistry
Biochemistry is usually the busiest section, so match the analyzer to tests per hour, reagent model and service support.
Immunoassay and Serology
Hormones, infection markers and tumour markers need either an automated immunoassay analyzer or an ELISA setup.
Microbiology
Microbiology needs containment and sterilisation equipment as well as incubation.
Histopathology and Cytology
Only needed if the lab will process tissue in-house; otherwise send samples to a reference lab.
Cold Chain, Water and Power
Analyzers depend on stable power, clean water and controlled storage for reagents and samples.
Waste, Quality and Approvals
Plan compliance and quality control with the equipment, not after it. Confirm current requirements with the regulator or your consultant.
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Frequently Asked Questions
A small lab usually starts with a centrifuge, a binocular microscope, a 3-part or 5-part hematology analyzer, a semi-automatic or fully automated chemistry analyzer, an electrolyte analyzer if it serves hospitals, a lab refrigerator, an online UPS and biomedical waste handling. Add immunoassay and microbiology equipment only for the tests you will run in-house.
Base it on daily sample volume, test menu and staff. A fully automated analyzer saves labour and gives consistent results at steady volumes; a semi-automatic analyzer costs less and works as a backup. Compare the cost per test, open or closed reagent model, throughput, LIS connection and service response before choosing.
For most labs it is voluntary, but many hospitals, insurers and corporate clients prefer or require NABL-accredited labs. If you plan to apply, choose equipment with calibration support and traceable quality-control records from the start.
Ask for throughput, test menu, reagent model and cost per test, calibration and control requirements, LIS interface, installation and training scope, warranty, service response time and the CDSCO licence that covers the analyzer.
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